In recent years, research has begun to emerge that suggests that fitness and nutrition are closely linked to a child’s social well-being and academic achievement. Researchers at the University of Illinois gave 259 third and fifth graders the standard physical fitness test: sit-and-reach, running, and sit-ups and push-ups against the clock. Once the results were tabulated, the researchers checked the children’s physical fitness test scores against their standardized math and reading test scores. The more fit the child, the better their academic scores were.

In other studies, scientists found that they could bring about the growth of new brain cells—something once believed to be impossible—simply by putting people on a regular three-month regimen of cardiovascular exercise. High-intensity exercise was found to increase the connections between brain cells (nerve cells that are also known as neurons), which—as writer Mary Carmichael wrote in Newsweek magazine—“form[s] dense, interconnected webs that make the brain run faster and more efficiently” (Carmichael, Mary, “Stronger, Faster, Smarter,” Newsweek, March 26, 2007:38). So much for the stereotype of the dumb jock!

Schools that offer intense physical education programs see positive effects on academic achievement, students’ ability to concentrate, test scores in writing, reading, and math, and reduced disruptive behavior—even when P.E. offerings cut into time offered for academics (Tufts University Center on Hunger, Poverty and Nutrition Policy, Statement on the Link Between Nutrition and Cognitive Development in Children, Medford, MA: 1994). Unfortunately, most public schools are cutting down on intense P.E. programs and putting kids in chairs in classrooms more often instead of the reverse. It falls to families to make up for lost physical activity time.

Nutrition is as important as exercise for children’s academic achievement and brain development. A child whose nutritional needs are met will have more energy to think and learn. They come to school more able to absorb information. Good nutrition also means better immune system function, which translates to less time spent out sick, missing important classwork.

Many studies have demonstrated a connection between poor nutrition and disciplinary and behavioral problems. A good breakfast that includes protein (from dairy, nut butters, eggs, or meat) is especially helpful for children’s focus at school.

Here’s a big Fit Family suggestion for great academic and interpersonal achievement: family dinners. When families collaborate in creating menus, shopping, preparing dinners, and sitting down together (facing each other, not facing a TV) over dinner for good conversation, teachable moments are everywhere! Family dinners at least five times weekly positively affect a child’s academic achievement, lower risk of alcohol, drug, or tobacco use, and more.

From the earliest beginnings of life, children moving their bodies in developmentally appropriate ways will impact the child’s intelligence and emotional and social development. Let’s explore how this happens even in infancy.